Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (also commonly known as triphosphoinositol; abbreviated InsP₃ or IP₃), together with diacylglycerol, is a secondary messenger molecule used in signal transduction in biological cells. It is made by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, by phospholipase C.

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a chemical compound with the formula C₆H₂(NO₂)₃CH₃. This yellow-coloured solid is a reagent (reactant) in chemistry but is best known as a useful explosive material with convenient handling properties. The explosive yield of TNT is considered the standard measure of strength of bombs and other explosives. In chemistry, TNT is used to generate charge transfer salts.

Phosphine is the common name for phosphorus hydride (PH₃), also known by the IUPAC name phosphane and, occasionally, phosphamine. It is a colorless, flammable gas with a boiling point of −88 °C at standard pressure. Pure phosphine is odourless, but technical grade phosphine has a highly unpleasant odor like garlic or rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphine (P₂H₄). Phosphines are also a group of substituted phosphines, with the structure R₃P, where other functional groups replace hydrogens. They are important in catalysts where they complex to various metal ions; a chiral metal phosphine complex can catalyze a reaction to give chiral products.

Octane is a straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula CH₃(CH₂)₆CH₃.

Propan-1-ol is a primary alcohol with the formula CH₃CH₂CH₂OH. It is also known as 1-propanol, 1-propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, or simply propanol. It is an isomer of propan-2-ol. It is used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, and for resins and cellulose esters. It is formed naturally in small amounts during many fermentation processes.

Chlorodifluoromethane or difluoromonochloromethane is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC). It is better known under its code names of HCFC-22, R-22, Genetron 22 or Freon 22, and is commonly used in air conditioning applications, such as residential split systems in the US, rooftop units and window air conditioners. It will soon be phased out due to ozone depletion potential and status as a potent greenhouse gas.